RGCI n159 - Assessment of Pollutants in Soils and Groundwater from the Coastal Plain of Paraíba do Sul River Delta, RJ, Brazil

Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada
Volume 20, Issue 4, December 2020, Pages 219-231

DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n159
* Submission: 27 DEC 2017; Peer review: 2 SEP 2019; Revised: 21 OCT 2020; Accepted: 21 OCT 2020; Available on-line: 2 FEB 2021

Assessment of Pollutants in Soils and Groundwater from the Coastal Plain of Paraíba do Sul River Delta, RJ, Brazil

L.S. Lima¹, U.C. Oliveira², C.M.A. Rangel³, C.F. Barreto¹, V. M. C. Aguiar¹, J. A. Baptista Neto¹, E.M. Fonseca^{1, 4}

1 -Departamento de Geologia e Geofísica/LAGEMAR - Universidade Federal Fluminense-Brazil Av. Litorânea s/nº, Gragoatá, Niterói, RJ, Brasil, CEP: 24210-340. 2 - Ministério dos Transportes, Portos e Aviação Civil. Secretaria de Infraestrutura Portuária. Departamento de Obras e Serviços em Empresas Vinculadas; SCN Quadra 04, Bloco B, Edifício Varig - Pétala C, 12, CEP:70714900. 3 - Instituto de Educação de Angra dos Reis. Universidade Federal Fluminense. Avenida do Trabalhador, n°179 Jacuecanga, Angra dos Reis, RJ - Brasil, CEP: 24210346 4 - Corresponding author: oceano25@hotmail.com

ABSTRACT: In developing countries, the quality of the available freshwater is deteriorating mainly due to pollution. Underground water bodies are important resources, taking into account that they are usually more isolated and also protected from anthropogenic influence. Within this context, the present study aimed to assess trace metals, nitrate and organic contaminants in groundwater and soils from 10 bore wells located at the coastal plain of the Paraíba do Sul river delta. Groundwater of the study area revealed elevated concentrations of arsenic, iron, manganese and barium, surpassing the limits established by Brazilian legislation as well as the limits established by other regulatory agencies. As, Fe and Ba reached concentrations as high as 242.70, 31 919 and 4.041 µg.l-1 in groundwater. Despite the elevated values, results suggested a reducing environment and the contaminants appear to have a natural geogenic origin, which is corroborated by past studies in the same area. Soils of the aquifer presented low levels of trace metals, corroborating the hypothesis of geogenic contamination in groundwater. No significant differences among the bore wells were observed regarding trace metals in soils, and concentrations found in the present study were much lower than the ones found in impacted aquifers around the world. No PCB's were detected in groundwater or soils. Nitrate concentrations in groundwater were within the limits recommended by Brazilian legislation.

Keywords: Trace metals; PCB's; Groundwater, Soils, Paraíba do Sul, River Delta.

RESUMO: Em países em desenvolvimento a qualidade da água doce está-se a deteriorar principalmente devido à poluição. Corpos de água subterrâneos são recursos importantes, se se condiderar que são mais isolados e protegidos da influência de atividades antropogênicas. Dentro deste contexto, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar metais-traço, nitrato e contaminantes orgânicos em águas subterrâneas e solos em 10 poços localizados na planície costeira do delta do rio Paraíba do Sul. A água subterrânea da área de estudo revelou concentrações elevadas de arsênio, ferro, manganês e bário, ultrapassando os limites estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira assim como os limites estabelecidos por outras agências reguladoras. As, Fe e Ba atingiram concentrações máximas tão elevadas quanto 242.70; 31,919 e 4.041 µg.l-1 na água subterrânea. Apesar dos valores elevados os resultados sugerem um ambiente redutor e os contaminantes aparentam ter origem geogênica, o que é corroborado por estudos anteriores na mesma área. Os solos do aquífero apresentaram baixos valores de metais-traço, corroborando a hipótese de contaminação geogênica da água subterrânea. Não se observaram diferenças significativas para os teores de metais em solos entre os poços, e as concentrações encontradas no presente estudo foram muito menores que as encontradas em aquíferos impactados ao redor do mundo. Não foram detectados PCB's nas águas subterrâneas ou solos. As concentrações de nitrato nas águas subterrâneas mantiveram-se dentro dos limites recomendados pela legislação brasileira.

Palavras-chave: Metais-traço, PCBs; Aquíferos Subterrâneos, Solos; Paraíba do Sul, Delta Fluvial.

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Volume 20, Issue 4 - December 2020

Assessment of Pollutants in Soils and Groundwater from the Coastal Plain of Paraíba do Sul River Delta, RJ, Brazil