Volume 20, Issue 4 - December 2020
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Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada
Volume 20, Issue 4, December 2020, Pages 249-264
DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n267
* Submission: 19 JUL 2019; Peer Review: 8 SEP 2019; Revised: 20 OCT 2020; Accepted: 20 OCT 2020; Available on-line: 2 FEB 2021
Anthropogenic disturbances and conservation of coastal environments in an oceanic archipelago
Juan D. Delgado1 @, Rodrigo Riera2
1 - Ecology Area, Dept. of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Pablo de Olavide University, Seville, Spain
@ - Corresponding author: jddelgar@upo.es
2 - Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, 35017, Canary Islands, Spain. Email: rodrigo.riera@ulpgc.es
ABSTRACT: Oceanic islands are biotically fragile environments prone to suffer irreversible anthropogenic disturbances. The growth of the human population and the intensive occupation of the coastline are the cause of great ecological pressure on global insular coastal ecosystems. We review the current situation and future scenarios on a paradigmatic oceanic archipelago (Canary Islands, NE Atlantic Ocean), as a case study of the human footprint on marine coastal communities. The role of humans is pivotal, as we directly affect patterns of coastal occupation, pollution, invasive species or fishing. Here we synthesize the information that describes the current situation of the coastal ecosystems of the Canary Islands, indicating the main sources of environmental conflict and impacts. In addition, we review the state of the most relevant or threatened habitats and the taxonomic groups as actors of the main disturbances in the coastal ecosystems of the archipelago. We propose future general scenarios about expected changes, and foreseeable interactions that could occur to transform the coastal environments of the islands, in order to indicate areas susceptible to improvement for the conservation of these ecosystems. Integrative coastal actions are urgently needed for sustainable future scenarios to oppose deleterious trends such as tropicalization, fisheries collapse and extensive coastal degradation due to urbanization and infrastructure construction.
Keywords: Coastal development, overfishing, overpopulation, human-induced disturbance, introduced species, islands, oceanic archipelago.
RESUMO: As ilhas oceânicas são ambientes bioticamente frágeis e sujeitos a distúrbios antropogénicos irreversíveis. O crescimento da população humana e a ocupação intensiva do litoral são a causa de uma grande pressão ecológica sobre os ecossistemas costeiros insulares globais. Com o presente trabalho pretende-se rever a situação atual e os futuros cenários num arquipélago oceânico paradigmático (Ilhas Canárias, NE do Oceano Atlântico), como um caso de estudo da pegada humana nas comunidades costeiras marinhas. O papel dos humanos é fundamental, dado que afetam diretamente os padrões de ocupação costeira, a poluição, as espécies invasoras e/ou a pesca. Aqui sintetizamos a informação que descreve a situação atual dos ecossistemas costeiros das Ilhas Canárias, indicando as principais fontes de conflito ambiental e seus impactos. Adicionalmente, analisou-se o estado dos habitats mais relevantes ou ameaçados e os grupos taxonómicos como atores dos principais distúrbios nos ecossistemas costeiros do arquipélago. Propoem-se futuros cenários gerais sobre as mudanças esperadas e as interações previstas que podem . Alsotransformar os ambientes costeiros das ilhas, no intuito de indicar áreas suscetíveis de melhorias para a conservação desses ecossistemas. São necessárias ações costeiras integrativas urgentes para futuros cenários sustentáveis ??em oposicao a tendências deletérias, tais como tropicalização, colapso da pesca e extensa degradação costeira devido à urbanização e construção de infraestruturas.
Palavras-chave: Desenvolvimento costeiro, pesca excessiva, superpopulação, perturbação induzida pelo homem, espécies introduzidas, ilhas, arquipélago oceânico.
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