Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada
Volume 22, Issue 2, September 2022, Pages 103-116

DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n441
* Submission: 3 APR 2021; Peer review: 9 JUL 2021; Revised: 26 SEP 2022; Accepted: 26 SEP 2022; Available on-line: 12 OCT 2022

Use of Brachionus Plicatilis (rotifera) to assess the quality of marine water in Callao bay, Peru

Marco Osorio¹, Seid Romero¹, Angélica Guabloche¹, Lorena Alvariño-Flores¹, Yuri Ayala-Sulca², Carlos Carrasco-Badajoz³, Luz Castañeda¹, Luis Carrasco⁴, Jose Alberto Iannacone^{@ 1, 5, 6}

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@ Corresponding author: joseiannaconeoliver@gmail.com
¹ Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemática. Grupo de Investigación en Sostenibilidad Ambiental (GISA). Escuela Universitaria de Posgrado (EUP), Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal. Lima, Perú.
² Laboratorio de Zoología. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga (Ayacucho-Perú). Miembro del grupo de investigación: Evolución Molecular de la Biota en el Perú. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima-Perú.
³ Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Sistema de Información Geográfica BioSIG. Centro de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad Acuática CI-EBACUA. Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho-Perú.
⁴ Unidad de Investigación de la Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Universidad Nacional del Callao, Lima, Perú.
⁵ Laboratorio de Ingeniería Ambiental. Carrera de Ingeniería Ambiental. Coastal Ecosystems of Peru Research Group (COEPERU). Universidad Científica del Sur. Lima, Perú.
⁶ Grupo de Investigación "One Health". Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Universidad Ricardo Palma. Lima, Perú.

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ASBTRACT
The present investigation used Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera) to evaluate the water quality in Callao Bay, Peru. The water samples were taken in four areas: P1 in La Punta, P2 in Chucuito, P3 in front of the Callao Port Terminal and P4 in the San Lorenzo and El Frontón Islands, and in four seasonal periods: autumn-2015, winter- 2015, spring-2015, and summer-2016. Physical-chemical parameters, chlorophyll, phycocyanin, heavy metals, and bioassays with seawater at 24 h and 48 h of exposure to Brachionus plicatilis obtained from a standardized culture were evaluated in each area and seasonal period. High concentrations of Ag, Pb, Hg, Cu, Cr, Ni and Zn were found at all the sampling sites. The ​​ no observed effect concentration (NOEC) values (concentration at which a significant effect of mortality is not observed with respect to the control) and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) (minimum concentration at which a significant effect of mortality is observed with respect to the control) at 48 h of exposure to the B. plicatilis bioassay were lower for P1 (winter-2015) and P2 (winter-2015). Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that principal component 1 (PC1) contributed 38.70% and PC2 17.70%. PC1 was formed by LOEC of Cd, Hg, Ni, Ag, and Pb while PC2 was related to Cu, Cr and Zn. According to these results Brachionus plicatilis can be used as a bioindicator organism to assess water quality in the marine environment.

Keywords: acute bioassay, Brachionus, heavy metals, mortality, rotifer.

RESUMO
A presente investigação utilizou Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera) para avaliar a qualidade da água na Bahía del Callao, Peru. As amostras de água foram coletadas em quatro locais: P1 em La Punta, P2 em Chucuito, P3 em frente ao Terminal Portuário de Callao e P4 nas Ilhas San Lorenzo e Frontón, e em quatro períodos sazonais: outono-2015, inverno-2015, primavera-2015 e verão-2016. Os parâmetros físico-químicos, clorofila, ficocianina, metais pesados ​​e bioensaios com água do mar às 24 he 48h de exposição com Brachionus plicatilis obtidos em cultura padronizada foram avaliados em cada área e período sazonal. Os metais Ag, Pb, Hg, Cu, Cr, Ni e Zn foram encontrados em maior concentração em todos os locais de amostragem. Os valores de NOEC (concentração onde um efeito significativo de mortalidade não é observado em relação ao controle) e LOEC (concentração mínima onde um efeito significativo de mortalidade é observado em relação ao controle) em 48 h de exposição com o bioensaio de B. plicatilis foram menores para P1 (inverno-2015) e P2 (inverno-2015). A técnica de Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) mostrou que o componente principal 1 (CP1) contribuiu com 38,70% e o CP2 com 17,70%. CP1 foi formado por LOEC, Cd, Hg, Ni, Ag e Pb. CP2 relacionou as variáveis Cu, Cr e Zn. Propõe-se a utilização de Brachionus plicatilis como organismo bioindicador para avaliação da qualidade da água no meio marinho.

Palavras-chave: bioensaio agudo, Brachionus, metais pesados, mortalidade, rotífero.

 

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