Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada
Volume 22, Issue 4, December 2022, Pages 263-271

DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n462
* Submission: 16 JUL 2021; Peer review: 26 JUL 2021; Revised: 27 MAR 2023; Accepted: 27 MAR 2023; Available on-line: 2 MAY 2023

Quantifying surface water decreasing in Segara Anakan Lagoon

Feril Hariati^{@ 1}, Harman Ajiwibowo², Muhammad Kusuma¹, Mohammad Adityawan¹

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@ Corresponding author: ferilh2k@yahoo.com
¹ Water Resources Engineering Research Groups , Civil Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty of Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia.
² Coastal Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia.

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ASBTRACT
Segara Anakan is the largest mangrove-fringed lagoon on the south coast of Java Island. It is a productive coastal system that provides environmental services for the community in the vicinity of the lagoon, such as fisheries production and tourism. Right now, the lagoon is facing surface water shrinking due to the intensive sedimentation process. The fishing ground area becomes limited; thus, the fisherman should sail further to the sea zone to catch fish. To quantify the lagoon’s surface water decreasing rate, we applied a spatial analysis method. Historical cartographic maps and satellite images of Segara Anakan were digitised using ArcMap. We used a reclassification tool to classify land and water for the satellite image before digitising it. The result showed that the lagoon’s surface water area decreased from 65 km2 in 1942 to 8.5 km2 in 2017. Since the lagoon received freshwater supply from Citanduy River, we applied Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to calculate sediment supply from the watershed. The result showed that from 2005 to 2016, the average sediment supply reached 3 mm/year or equal to 22 million tons/year. The highest sediment supply rate occurred in 2010 at 5.14 mm/year or similar to 43 million tons/year. Linking between integrated coastal zone management with watershed management should be implemented to reduce the rate of sedimentation.

Keywords: Segara Anakan, Lagoon, Morphology change, GIS, USLE.

RESUMO
Segara Anakan é a major lagoa costeira de mangue na costa sul da Ilha de Java. É um sistema produtivo costeiro que presta serviços ambientais à comunidade do entornonas da lagoa, como pesca e turismo. Atualmente, a lagoa enfrenta a redução da superfície livre devido ao intenso processo de sedimentação. As áreas disponíveis para a pesca tornam-se limitadas, pelo que esta atividade tem que ser realizada mais próxima do mar. Para estimar a taxa de diminuição da área superficial da lagoa, procedeu-se à sua quantificação com uma frequência anual. Recorreu-se a uma abordagem de análise espacial . Foram utilizados mapas cartográficos históricos e foram digitalizadas imagens de satélite da lagoa Segara Anakan usando o programa ArcMap. Utilizou-se ainda uma ferramenta para classificar as áreas terrestres e de água em cada imagem antes de se proceder à respetiva digitalização. Os resultados mostraram que a área da lagoa diminuiu de 65 km2 em 1942 para 8,5 km2 em 2017. Para comparar a taxa de diminuição da superfície da lagoa com o fluxo de sedimentos da bacia hidrográfica, foi utilizada a Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (USLE). Os resultados mostraram ainda que de 2005 a 2016 o fluxo médio de sedimentos foi de 3 mm/ano ou 22 milhões de toneladas/ano. O maior fluxo de sedimentos ocorreu em 2010 com m valor de 5,14 mm/ano ou 43 milhões de toneladas/ano, coincidindo com o ano com maires volumes de precipitação. A integração da gestão da zona costeira com a gestão de bacias hidrográficas deverá ser perseguida para se reduzir a taxa de sedimentação na lagoa costeira.

Palavras-chave: Segara Anakan, Lagoa, Mudança morfológica, GIS, USLE.

 

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