Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada
Volume 22, Issue 2, September 2022, Pages 127-143

DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n496
* Submission: 25 FEB 2022; Peer review: 26 FEB 2022; Revised: 2 SEP 2022; Accepted: 2 SEP 2022; Available on-line: 12 OCT 2022

Environmental impacts on marine energy: collision risks for marine animals and priority species for monitoring in Brazil

Catarina Luiza Damasceno Lima da Silva^{@ 1}, Pedro Henrique Castello Branco Dágola¹, Marcos Antônio Cruz Moreira¹, Luís Felipe Umbelino dos Santos¹

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Corresponding author: catarinabio97@gmail.com.
¹ Fluminense Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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ABSTRACT
Brazil has great potential for the development of technologies for the conversion of marine energy from waves and tides, which raises the discussion about the possible environmental impacts of these projects. This article seeks to synthesize knowledge about the risks of collision of marine animals, such as mammals, fish and birds, with marine renewable energy (MRE) devices, as well as to identify priority species for environmental monitoring along the Brazilian coast. The risk of marine mammals colliding with MRE devices is influenced by regional and behavioral factors. The risk of collision in a fish community is influenced by the avoidance behavior, the distribution of fish in the MRE sites and the stages of the enterprise (installation, operation and maintenance). Seabird collision risk is influenced by species behavior (geographical distribution, seasonal habitat use, diving time and depth) and the location of MRE structures (surface and/or water column). The survey of priority species for monitoring the risk of collision with MRE devices in Brazil consisted of 5 species of marine mammals, 13 taxa of seabirds, 5 species of endangered sea turtles and 18 species or groups of species of fish of economic importance to the country. The research review did not record the occurrence of collisions with marine animals. However, this does not mean that they did not occur, but that they may not have been observed due to monitoring challenges. The study concluded that research on the interaction of marine animals with MRE devices should be encouraged, even in prototypes and non-commercial projects, in order to reduce knowledge gaps and support the development of MRE in an environmentally sound manner.

Keywords: Marine renewable energy, Collision risk, Species, Marine animals.

RESUMO
O Brasil possui grande potencial para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de conversão de energia marinha das ondas e marés, o que aflora a discussão sobre os possíveis impactos ambientais desses empreendimentos. Este artigo busca sintetizar os conhecimentos sobre os riscos de colisão de animais marinhos, como mamíferos, peixes e pássaros, com dispositivos de energia marinha renovável (EMR), bem como identificar as espécies prioritárias para o monitoramento ambiental ao longo da costa brasileira. O risco de colisão de mamíferos marinhos com dispositivos de EMR é influenciado por fatores regionais e comportamentais. O risco de colisão em comunidade de peixes é influenciado pelo comportamento de evasão, a distribuição dos peixes nos locais de EMR e as etapas do empreendimento (instalação, operação e manutenção). O risco de colisão de aves marinhas é influenciado pelo comportamento das espécies (distribuição geográfica, uso sazonal do habitat, tempo e profundidade de mergulho) e pela localização das estruturas de EMR (superfície e/ou coluna de água). O levantamento de espécies prioritárias para o monitoramento do risco de colisão com dispositivos de EMR no Brasil foi constituído por 5 espécies de mamíferos marinhos, 13 táxons de aves marinhas, 5 espécies de tartarugas marinhas ameaçados de extinção e por 18 espécies ou grupos de espécies de peixes de importância econômica para o país. A revisão das pesquisas não registrou ocorrência de colisões com animais marinhos. No entanto, não significa que não ocorreram, mas que podem não ter sido observadas devido aos desafios do monitoramento. O estudo concluiu que as pesquisas de interação de animais marinhos com dispositivos de EMR devem ser fomentadas, mesmo que em protótipos e projetos não comerciais, a fim de reduzir as lacunas do conhecimento e auxiliar o desenvolvimento da EMR de forma ambientalmente adequada.

Palavras-chave: Energia renovável marinha, Risco de colisão, Espécies, Animais marinhos.

 

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