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Volume 23, Issue 1 - June 2023

 

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Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada
Volume 23, Issue 1, June 2023, Pages 53-67

DOI: 10.5894/rgci-n517
*Submission: 26 OCT 2022; Peer review: 1 APR 2023; Revised: 28 AUG 2023; Accepted: 28 AUG 2023; Available on-line: 7 FEB 2024

Evaluación de la calidad ambiental en playas intervenidas con espolones: playa de Sabanilla, Colombia

Liliana Garcia Laiton@ 1, Luana Portz2, Rogeiro Portantiolo Manzolli2, Rubén D. Cantero Robledo1, Andrés Suarez1

@ Corresponding author: lgarcia22@cuc.edu.co

1 Departamento de Civil y Ambiental, Programa de Ingeniería Ambiental, Universidad de la Costa – CUC, Barranquilla – Colombia.

2 Departamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid – España.

RESUMEN
La implementación de espolones o técnicas estructurales duras como plan de estabilización de la línea costera ante efectos de erosión, ha sido la medida frecuente para mitigar esta problemática en las costas del Caribe Norte Colombiano. En la playa de Sabanilla, Departamento del Atlántico, se llevó a cabo un análisis utilizando imágenes satelitales entre los años de 2004 a 2017 para determinar la evolución de la línea costera. Los resultados se basaron en la observación de cambios temporales asociados con la instalación de espolones en los años 2007 y 2015. Además, se realizó una evaluación de la calidad ambiental de la playa, considerando las características del entorno antes y después de la instalación del espolón. Los análisis en el agua se destacó mejoras en parámetros fisicoquímicos como el color que paso de 40 y 80 UPC a valores de 5, 10 y 20 UPC, la turbiedad de 58,7 NTU se redujo a valores entre los 3,2 a 17,4 NTU. Los coliformes totales y fecales en agua cumplieron con el criterio de calidad de la norma colombiana, mientras que los coliformes fecales en la arena de la playa incumplen el valor máximo permisible <100 NMP/10g. La carga turística y los residuos sólidos incrementaron notoriamente después de la intervención de la playa. Los espolones en la playa de Sabanilla tienen efectos positivos y negativos en la calidad del agua de la playa. Por un lado, capturan eficientemente sedimentos, redujo la turbidez y da la apariencia de agua más clara y limpia cerca de los espigones. Sin embargo, también pueden alterar los patrones de flujo de agua y favorecer la acumulación de residuos sólidos, lo que puede tener impactos negativos en la calidad del agua. Los efectos de la erosión en la playa de Sabanilla se pueden mitigar, pero la estabilización de la playa ha traído más visitantes y consigo ha propiciado afectaciones estéticas y sanitarias, siendo necesario adoptar medidas preventivas que integren todo el ecosistema para su conservación.

Palabras claves: Erosión costera, calidad ambiental, espolones, protección costera

ABSTRACT
The implementation of groynes or hard structural techniques as a plan to stabilize the coastline against the erosion effects has been a frequent action used to mitigate this problem on the Colombian Caribbean’s coasts. On the beach of Sabanilla, Department of Atlántico, an analysis was carried out using satellite images between the years of 2004 and 2017 to determine the evolution of the coastline. The results were based on the observation of temporary changes associated with the installation of groynes in the years 2007 and 2015. In addition, an evaluation of the environmental quality of the beach was carried out, considering the characteristics of the environment before and after the installation of the groynes. The analyzes in the water highlighted improvements in physicochemical parameters such as the color that went from 40 and 80 UPC to values ​​of 5, 10 and 20 UPC, the turbidity of 58,7 NTU was reduced to values ​​between 3,2 to 17,4 NTU. The total and fecal coliforms in water were within the range of the Colombian standard’s quality criteria, while the fecal coliforms in the sand of the beach exceeded the maximum permissible value, <100NMP/10g stipulated in the Colombian Sectorial Technical Standard NTS-TS 001 - 2. The tourism load and the solid waste increased notoriously after the intervention of the beach. The erosion effects on Sabanilla beach can be mitigated, but the stabilization of the beach has brought more visitors and has propitiated aesthetic and health effects, being necessary to adopt preventive actions that integrate the entire ecosystem for its conservation.

Keywords: Coastal erosion, environmental quality, groynes, coastal protection.

 

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