Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada
Volume 9, Número 1, Maio 2009, Páginas 7-16
DOI: 10.5894/rgci142
*
Submissão – 21 Julho 2008; Avaliação – 30 Agosto 2008; Recepção da
versão revista – 26 Outubro 2008; Disponibilização on-line - 12 Janeiro
2009
A Importância da Abordagem Experimental para o Progresso da Gestão Costeira Integrada *
The Importance of the Experimental Approach to the Advance of
Integrated Coastal Management
Walter Martin Widmer 1
1 - walterw@ufpr.br, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Jaguariaíva, 512 Matinhos/PR, CEP 83260-000 - Brasil
RESUMO
O presente artigo argumenta que a gestão costeira integrada deve fazer
amplo uso da metodologia experimental como um dos instrumentos
necessários para avaliar o sucesso de hipóteses gerenciais. Para
fundamentar tal argumentação, o trabalho inicialmente discute a
diferença entre o objetivo das investigações científicas e o das
atividades gerenciais. Em seguida, destaca o avanço que a ecologia
costeira obteve nas últimas décadas ao aderir explicitamente ao método
experimental. Por último, discute o conceito de gestão costeira
adaptativa que, apesar de pouco presente no Brasil, considera toda
decisão gerencial como um experimento, possibilitando a aprendizagem
institucional sobre a qualidade das decisões tomadas a respeito da zona
costeira brasileira.
Palavras-chave: ciência; conhecimento imperfeito; decisão; hipótese; incerteza; manejo; surpresa.
ABSTRACT
This
paper argues that integrated coastal management should make wide use of
the experimental approach to test management predictions. To support
such proposal, the paper initially discusses the difference between
objectives of scientific investigations and those of management. Using
examples from the academic literature, it is argued that the aim of
coastal science is to increase knowledge about coastal systems, while
management is focused on making good decisions about people’s use of
these systems. The concept of integration is briefly discussed,
highlighting the need of integration between science and management.
Then, the text highlights the progress achieved in the recent past by
scientific studies in coastal ecology, which explicitly used
experimental methods. An adequate use of controls, replication and
randomization allowed experimental ecology to test clear predictions
about patterns and processes in coastal ecosystems. Lastly, the concept
of adaptive coastal management is presented. This is a type of
management that clearly states what is expected to happen as a
consequence of management decisions. These managerial predictions
permit the test of the effectiveness of those decisions. Despite its
importance, adaptive management is not widely practiced in Brazil.
Therefore, Brazilian coastal managers are invited to state what they
expect to happen when management action is taken, in order to allow the
proposition of adaptations that may contribute to the advance of
integrated coastal management in Brazil.
Keywords: decision, hypothesis, imperfect knowledge, management, prediction, science, surprise, uncertainty.
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