Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada
Volume 9, Número 1, Maio 2009, Páginas 7-16

DOI: 10.5894/rgci142
* Submissão – 21 Julho 2008; Avaliação – 30 Agosto 2008; Recepção da versão revista – 26 Outubro 2008; Disponibilização on-line - 12 Janeiro 2009

A Importância da Abordagem Experimental para o Progresso da Gestão Costeira Integrada *

The Importance of the Experimental Approach to the Advance of Integrated Coastal Management

Walter Martin Widmer ¹

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1 - walterw@ufpr.br, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Jaguariaíva, 512 Matinhos/PR, CEP 83260-000 - Brasil

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RESUMO
O presente artigo argumenta que a gestão costeira integrada deve fazer amplo uso da metodologia experimental como um dos instrumentos necessários para avaliar o sucesso de hipóteses gerenciais. Para fundamentar tal argumentação, o trabalho inicialmente discute a diferença entre o objetivo das investigações científicas e o das atividades gerenciais. Em seguida, destaca o avanço que a ecologia costeira obteve nas últimas décadas ao aderir explicitamente ao método experimental. Por último, discute o conceito de gestão costeira adaptativa que, apesar de pouco presente no Brasil, considera toda decisão gerencial como um experimento, possibilitando a aprendizagem institucional sobre a qualidade das decisões tomadas a respeito da zona costeira brasileira.

Palavras-chave: ciência; conhecimento imperfeito; decisão; hipótese; incerteza; manejo; surpresa.

ABSTRACT
This paper argues that integrated coastal management should make wide use of the experimental approach to test management predictions. To support such proposal, the paper initially discusses the difference between objectives of scientific investigations and those of management. Using examples from the academic literature, it is argued that the aim of coastal science is to increase knowledge about coastal systems, while management is focused on making good decisions about people’s use of these systems. The concept of integration is briefly discussed, highlighting the need of integration between science and management. Then, the text highlights the progress achieved in the recent past by scientific studies in coastal ecology, which explicitly used experimental methods. An adequate use of controls, replication and randomization allowed experimental ecology to test clear predictions about patterns and processes in coastal ecosystems. Lastly, the concept of adaptive coastal management is presented. This is a type of management that clearly states what is expected to happen as a consequence of management decisions. These managerial predictions permit the test of the effectiveness of those decisions. Despite its importance, adaptive management is not widely practiced in Brazil. Therefore, Brazilian coastal managers are invited to state what they expect to happen when management action is taken, in order to allow the proposition of adaptations that may contribute to the advance of integrated coastal management in Brazil.

Keywords: decision, hypothesis, imperfect knowledge, management, prediction, science, surprise, uncertainty.

 

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