Volume 8, Issue 2 - December 2008
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Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada
Volume 8, Número 2, Dezembro 2008, Páginas 101-112
DOI: 10.5894/rgci145
*
Submissão – 20 Agosto 2008; Avaliação – 19 Outubro 2008; Recepção da
versão revista – 30 Outubro 2008; Disponibilização on-line - 14
Novembro 2008
Monitoramento da Linha de Preamar das Praias de Olinda – PE (Brasil) como Ferramenta à Gestão Costeira *
High Water Line Monitoring of Olinda-PE Beaches (Brazil) as Coastal Management Tool
Mirella Borba S. F. Costa 1, 2, Patrícia M. Pontes 2,
Tereza C. M. de Araújo 2
1 - Autor correspondente - mirella_borba@yahoo.com.br
2 - Laboratório de Oceanografia Geológica do Departamento de
Oceanografia UFPE - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura
s/n, Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil, CEP: 50740 550
RESUMO
Diante do avanço da linha de costa em relação ao continente, em áreas
de grande densidade urbana, é observada mundialmente a adoção do método
hold the line pelos gestores costeiros. Esse é o caso do litoral do
município de Olinda – PE que desde 1958 vem realizando obras de
proteção costeira contra o avanço do mar, e hoje conta com a presença
de dez quebra-mares paralelos à linha de costa, 34 espigões
perpendiculares e vários trechos de enrocamento aderente. O
monitoramento da linha de costa nessa região é essencial para definir
pontos e períodos críticos de avanço do mar e fornecer subsídios ao
planejamento de ações da gestão pública local. Este trabalho analisou o
comportamento da linha de costa durante 14 meses (entre agosto/06 e
outubro/07) utilizando a linha de preamar máxima (high water line –
HWL) como indicador. O método utilizado consistiu na fixação de um
referencial de nível (RN), a partir do qual foram realizados perfis
perpendiculares em onze localidades, e calculada a largura da
pós-praia. Foi observado que em agosto e setembro o avanço do mar em
relação ao continente foi mais expressivo devido à ação de marés
meteorológicas mais intensas, tendo em vista que nesses meses foram
registrados maiores alturas de ondas e velocidade de ventos na costa. O
teste de regressão mostrou alto valor preditivo da altura da maré na
largura da pós-praia para as praias com presença de quebra-mar e baixo
valor, ou até mesmo ausência de correlação para as praias com espigão
onde as ondas exercem relativamente maior influência. Os pontos
críticos identificados pelo monitoramento, ou seja, áreas onde as
estruturas urbanas estão mais comprometidas pelo avanço do mar
apresentam largura da pós-praia bastante reduzida e baixa mobilidade da
linha de costa. A metodologia utilizada mostrou-se uma ferramenta
simples, de baixo custo e bastante eficaz para obter tendências a curto
prazo das variações na linha de costa. A implantação de um programa
permanente de monitoramento da linha de costa é importante para a
obtenção de resultados mais precisos sobre o comportamento da linha de
costa e verificação de padrões sazonais na sua posição. Dessa forma, as
ações dos gestores costeiros podem ser melhor planejadas.
Palavras-chave: erosão costeira; linha de costa; estruturas de proteção costeira.
ABSTRACT
In densely populated areas, in case of landward migration of the
shoreline, the most frequently worldwide used policy option for coastal
managers has been hold the line. This is the case of Olinda’s littoral
(Brazilian coastal city) where coastal protection structures has been
built since 1958 to stabilize the shoreline, and at present, the beach
is protected by ten breakwaters parallel to the shoreline, 34 groins
perpendicular to it and several parts with seawalls. Olinda’s littoral
tides are semidiurnal and in terms of amplitude are classified as
mesotidal. When the equinoctial tide coincides with the spring tide it
can reach the height of 2.8 m. This can be even more severe during the
second semester (August / September) when the winds are more intense.
This phenomenon is known locally as storm surge and that periods are
the most energy in the local coast causing the greatest changes in
beach morphology and destruction of buildings located along the
waterfront. Thus, generating concern to authorities and buildings
owners located in vulnerable places to erosion. Shoreline monitoring in
this region is crucial to set hot spots and critical periods of
shoreline erosion, and then subsidize planning activities of local
public management. This paper examined the shoreline change for 14
months (between August/06 and October07) using high water line - HWL as
indicator. The method used in this study was based on monthly field
campaigns, during the spring tide, where profiles alignment
perpendicular to the waterline were made from predetermined fixed
benchmark (the profile anchor) and backshore (recreational beach) width
calculated. The analysis of shoreline mobility was carried out from the
calculation of standard deviation of their positions. Tests of simple
linear regression for each profile monitored were conducted to
ascertain the dependence degree of the backshore width with the tide
height. It was observed that in August and September the landward
migration of the shoreline was more expressive since the occurrence of
intensive meteorological tide in view that in these months higher waves
heights and winds velocities were recorded on the coast. The monthly
monitoring of high water line position showed that it can vary up to
30m in high tides of same height in different months without any
evidence of erosive trend or increased. It was also possible to
identify that the urban structures (sidewalk and houses) of two beaches
(Bairro Novo and Rio Doce), are most susceptible by high seas. At these
beaches lack of backshore was registered during the months of the year
where stronger winds and higher waves occurred. The regression analysis
showed high predictive value of the tide height in the backshore width
for beaches with presence of breakwater and low value, or even lack of
relationship for beaches with groins where the waves carry relatively
greater influence. The hot spots identified by the monitoring, or urban
areas where the structures are further threatened by the sea, have very
low backshore width and low shoreline mobility. The methodology proved
to be a cost-effective simple tool, and very useful for obtaining
short-temporal changing trends and thus can be easily implemented by
coastal managers. A beach monitoring program, carried out over several
years, could give rise to more accurate results which are useful to
characterize shoreline behavior and serve as basis for sound policy
decisions. Thus, the actions of coastal managers can be better planned.
Keywords: coastal erosion; shoreline; coastal protection structures.
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