Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada
Volume 14, Número 2, Junho 2014, Páginas 267-288

DOI: 10.5894/rgci475
* Submission: 31 December 2013; Evaluation: 11 February 2014; Reception of revised manuscript: 15 May 2014; Accepted: 21 May 2014; Published on-line: 3 June 2014
** Translation to Portuguese (Title, Abstract, and Captions) by Artur Gil (on behalf of the Guest Editorial Board).

The Albufera Initiative for Biodiversity: a cost effective model for integrating science and volunteer participation in coastal protected area management *

A Iniciativa Albufera para a Biodiversidade: um modelo exemplar em termos de custo, eficiência e benefício para a integração da ciência com a participação voluntária em processos de gestão de áreas protegidas costeiras **

Nick J. Riddiford ^{@, 1}, Jeroen A. Veraart ^{1, 2}, Inmaculada Férriz ³,
Nick W. Owens ^{1, 4}, Laura Royo ³, Martin R. Honey ^{1, 5}

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@ - Corresponding author: nick.riddiford@taib.info,
1 - The Albufera Initiative for Biodiversity (TAIB), Schoolton, Fair Isle, Shetland ZE2 9JU, Scotland
2 - Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands. E-mail: jeroen.veraart@wur.nl,
3 - Associació TAIB, c/Porto, 4. 4rt A., E-07014, Palma, Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain. e-mails: Férriz - macu@taib.info; Royo - laura@taib.info
4 - 22 Springfield Close, Weybourne, Holt, Norfolk NR25 7TB, UK, e-mail: owensnw7@gmail.com
5 - Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK, e-mail: M.Honey@nhm.ac.uk

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ABSTRACT
This paper puts forward a multi-disciplinary field project, set up in 1989 at the Parc Natural de s’Albufera in Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain, as an example of a cost effective model for integrating science and volunteer participation in a coastal protected area. Outcomes include the provision of a science base for the effective management of the site; training of Balearic and international biologists and protected area managers; and providing information materials for public awareness, education and general dissemination purposes. This has been achieved at low cost by using the voluntary sector. The project incorporates scientists, wetland managers, students, scholars and other citizens under the auspices of an international volunteer network (TAIB), working in partnership with the Parc management team. Long-term monitoring over a 25-year span of subjects as varied as insects, birds, land and aquatic ecosystems and communities has led to an improved ecological understanding of socio-economic as well as environmental impacts and threats for the catchment. This paper illustrates the added value of a long-term ecological knowledge base for decision making and capacity building in protected areas in order to reduce environmental impacts from socio-economic development in surrounding coastal zones. It describes how the science base has been used as a means of communication to encourage early action by policy makers to avoid negative outcomes of costly future impact on the public purse; and highlights how the economic value of long-term monitoring as an early warning system far outweighs the modest cost to society of an integrated participatory project based in the volunteer sector. The Albufera experience is offered as a cost effective model for other coastal and island sites.

Keywords: long-term studies, biodiversity, capacity building, environmental education, volunteers, economic values

RESUMO
Este artigo apresenta um projeto de campo multidisciplinar implementado em 1989 no Parque Natural de Albufera (Maiorca, Ilhas Baleares, Espanha) que pode ser considerado como um modelo exemplar em termos de custo, eficiência e benefício para a integração da ciência com a participação voluntária em processos de gestão de áreas protegidas costeiras. Os principais resultados deste projeto incluíram a produção de uma base científica para a gestão adequada do sítio; a formação de biólogos e gestores de áreas protegidas locais e internacionais; e a produção de materiais para educação, sensibilização e consciencialização ambiental da população local e grande público. Estes objetivos foram atingidos a baixo custo devido ao recurso ao voluntariado. Este projeto integrou cientistas, gestores de áreas protegidas, estudantes, bolseiros e outros cidadãos sob a égide de uma rede internacional de voluntariado (TAIB), que tem colaborado ativamente com a equipa de gestão do Parque Natural. A monitorização integrada a longo prazo durante um período de 25 anos em domínios científicos como a entomologia, ornitologia, ecologia terrestre e ecologia aquática, permitiu melhorar substancialmente o nível de conhecimento ecológico associado à componente sócio-económica da área de estudo, assim como os seus impactes ambientais e as ameaças que daí decorrem para a bacia hidrográfica. Este artigo demonstra a importância de uma monitorização ecológica integrada a longo prazo para apoio à decisão e para a capacitação de recursos em áreas protegidas, de modo a reduzir os impactes ambientais decorrentes do desenvolvimento sócio-económico das áreas costeiras da zona. Este trabalho descreve também como a ciência foi usada como meio de comunicação e sensibilização para estimular os decisores a agir antecipadamente, de modo a evitar os altos custos ambientais e financeiros para o erário público decorrentes dos impactes ambientais e sócio-económicos das políticas adotadas. Finalmente, este estudo realça a excelente relação custo-eficiência-benefício associada à monitorização ecológica integrada a longo prazo assente num projeto participativo integrado baseado em voluntariado, constituindo também um sistema de alerta precoce eficiente, de baixo custo e com elevado benefício para a sociedade. A experiência de Albufera é assim proposta como um modelo válido apto para ser aplicado com sucesso noutros sítios costeiros e pequenas ilhas.

Palavras-chave: Estudos de longo prazo, biodiversidade, capacitação de recursos, educação ambiental, voluntariado, valoração económica.

 

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