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Volume 14, Issue 4 - December 2014

 

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Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada
Volume 14, Número 4, Dezembro 2014, Páginas 597-609

DOI: 10.5894/rgci506
* Submission: 21 APR 2014; Peer review: 27 MAY 2014; Revised: 18 JUN 2014; Accepted: 6 AUG 2014; Available on-line: 25 SEP 2014 

Supporting Information (151KB, PDF)

Spatial and temporal distribution of phytoplankton as indicator of eutrophication status in the Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba *

Angel Moreira @, a, Mabel Seisdedo a, Alain Muñoz a, Augusto Comas a, Carlos Alonso a


@ - Corresponding author: <angel@gestion.ceac.cu>
a - Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos (CEAC), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Medio Ambiente (CITMA). Carretera a Castillo de Jagua, Km 1!, AP. 5, CP. 59350, Cienfuegos, Cuba.  


ABSTRACT
An important consequence of eutrophication is the increased prevalence of harmful algal blooms that affect transitional and coastal waters, and ecosystems in open seas. In this work, data on phytoplankton biomass, presence of harmful/toxic algal blooms and bottom dissolved oxygen were analyzed as indicators of overall eutrophic condition in the Cienfuegos Bay, Cuba. Samples were collected every three months during the year 2009 at fifteen representative stations within the bay. In the dry and early rainy seasons, high chlorophyll a values, harmful/toxic dinoflagellate blooms and fish mortality episodes were encountered within riverine-urban wastewater discharge zones, whilst most part of the bay did not evidence symptoms of eutrophication. During the rainy season, some stations showed biological stress-hypoxia for the bottom water oxygen, and a strong increase in spatial dispersion was observed in the phytoplankton biomass, due to a substantial increment in not toxic diatom abundance, resulting in a moderate level of eutrophic conditions for chlorophyll a in the entire bay. The key factor that supports the seasonal variation in phytoplankton composition and abundance appears to be the water residence time inside the bay.  

Keywords: Cienfuegos Bay, chlorophyll a, ecological quality, eutrophication, harmful algal blooms  


Distribuição espacial e sazonal do fitoplâncton como indicador do estado de eutrofização na Baía de Cienfuegos, Cuba


RESUMO

Uma importante consequência da eutrofização é o incremento e persistência das florações algais nocivas que afetam as águas de transição e costeiras, e ecossistemas em mar aberto. Neste trabalho, dados sobre a biomassa do fitoplâncton, presença de florações algais nocivas/tóxicas e oxigénio dissolvido no fundo foram analisados como indicadores da condição eutrófica geral na Baía de Cienfuegos, Cuba. Foram recolhidas amostras a cada três meses durante o ano de 2009 em quinze locais representativas dentro da baía. Nas estações da seca e do começo do período chuvoso, altos valores de clorofila a, florações algais nocivas/tóxicas e episódios de mortandades de peixes foram encontrados dentro de zonas de descargas de rios e de resíduos urbanos, enquanto a maior parte da baía não evidenciou sintomas de eutrofização. Durante o período chuvoso, alguns locais mostraram estresse biológico-hypoxia para o oxigénio dissolvido no fundo e um forte incremento na dispersão espacial foi observado na biomassa do fitoplâncton devido a um incremento substancial na abundancia de diatomáceas não tóxicas, resultando num nível moderado de eutrofização para a clorofila a em toda a baía. O fator chave que suporta a variação sazonal na composição e abundância do fitoplâncton parece ser o tempo de residência da água dentro da baía.  

Palavras-chave: Baía de Cienfuegos, clorofila a, eutrofização, florações algais nocivas, qualidade ecológica 

 

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