Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada
Volume 15, Número 4, Dezembro 2015, Páginas 443-451

DOI: 10.5894/rgci600
* Submission: 27 MAR 2015; Peer review: 24 APR 2015; Revised: 8 MAY 2015; Accepted: 2 JUN 2015; Available on-line: 29 JUN 2015  

The influence of the river runoff in the artisanal fisheries catches in tropical coastal waters – The case of the Zambezi River and the fisheries catches in the northern Sofala Bank, Mozambique *  

Antonio Mubango Hoguane^@,1; Elisa Vasco Armando^b

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@ - Corresponding author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
a - School of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Eduardo Mondlane University, PO Box 128, Quelimane, Mozambique. e-mail: hoguane@yahoo.com.br.
b - Ministry of Science and Technology, Zambézia Office. e-mail: elisarmando@ymail.com.     

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ABSTRACT
The artisanal catches contributes significantly in the overall annual fish production in Mozambique, estimated to 115,000 - 140,000 tones, and thus of significant importance to livelihood of the coastal communities. However, the variation in fish production depends on several factors, among which the climatic factors, that need to be understood for sustainable fisheries management.
The present study analyses the influence of the river runoff in coastal fisheries production, using the Zambezi Runoff (1996-2014) as a climatic indicator and the artisanal fisheries catches (2000-2014) as the indicator of fisheries production. The results obtained indicated that the artisanal catches in Sofala Bank were dominated by resident species in the region of fresh water influence (Engraulidae (53%), Clupeídea (10%), Sciaenidae (8%) and Sergestidae (7%)), by species that inhabit these regions at their earlier stage of life (Penaeidae (4%)) and by species that inhabit the vicinity and move to the region of fresh water influence for feeding (Trichiuridae (6%), Ariidae (4%), Carangidae (4%) and Hemulidae (2%)); The total annual catches were positively-linearly correlated with the total annual runoff (slope = 0.343, r2 = 0.500, p = 0.005, n = 14). Further, the catches correlated better with both the wet season runoff (slope = 0.534, r2 = 0.369, p = 0.021, n = 14) and the dry season runoff (slope = 0.773, r2 = 0.389, p = 0.013, n = 15). The result is justified by the fact that most of the species caught (Engraulidae, Clupeídea, Sergestidae and Penaeidae) live in the region of freshwater influence, with one to two years life span and recruited to fisheries within the first year of their life. The present study emphasises the importance of the environmental/ climatic factors such as river runoff in the fish production, and hence, on the need for the inclusion of the runoff variability in the fisheries management strategies.

Keywords: River runoff, climatic factors, fisheries production, sustainable fisheries.   

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RESUMO
Influência do escoamento de rios nas capturas de pescarias artesanais nas águas costeiras tropicais – o caso do Rio Zambeze e as capturas na zona norte do Banco de Sofala, Moçambique As pescarias artesanais contribuem de uma forma significativa na produção pesqueira total de Moçambique, estimada em cerca de 115 000 -140 000 toneladas por ano, e por isso com impacto positivo na economia das comunidades costeiras. No entanto, a variação da produção pesqueira depende de muitos fatores, de entre eles os fatores climáticos, que devem ser comInfluência do escoamento de rios nas capturas de pescarias artesanais nas águas costeiras tropicais – o caso do Rio Zambeze e as capturas na zona norte do Banco de Sofala, Moçambique As pescarias artesanais contribuem de uma forma significativa na produção pesqueira total de Moçambique, estimada em cerca de 115 000 -140 000 toneladas por ano, e por isso com impacto positivo na economia das comunidades costeiras. No entanto, a variação da produção pesqueira depende de muitos fatores, de entre eles os fatores climáticos, que devem ser compreendidos para uma gestão sustentável das pescarias. No presente trabalho analisou-se a influência da descarga dos rios na produção pesqueira tomando como base o escoamento do Rio Zambeze (1996-2014), como variável climática e as capturas dos pescadores artesanais no Banco de Sofala (2000-2014), como indicador da produção pesqueira. Os resultados indicaram que a composição especifica das capturas artesanais no Banco de Sofala eram dominadas por espécies residentes nas zonas de influência de água doce (Engraulidae (53%), Clupeídea (10%), Sciaenidae (8%) e Sergestidae (7%)), por espécies que passam a parte inicial de sua vida em zonas de influência de água doce (Penaeidae (4%)) e por espécies que habitam na vizinhança de zonas de influencia de água doce e que se deslocam para estas zonas para se alimentar (Trichiuridae (6%), Ariidae (4%), Carangidae (4%) e Hemulidae (2%)); as capturas correlacionaram-se positivamente e significativamente com o escoamento total anual (tangente = 0,343, r2 = 0,500, p = 0,005, n = 14). O escoamento da época chuvosa correlacionou se melhor com as capturas (tangente = 0,534, r2 = 0,369, p = 0,021, n = 14) do que o escoamento da época seca (tangente = 0,773, r2 = 0,389, p = 0,013, n = 15). Este resultado se justifica pelo facto de a maioria das espécies nas capturas (Engraulidae, Clupeídea, Sergestidae e Penaeidae) habitarem zonas de influencia de água doce, com um ciclo de vida de um a dois anos, e serem recrutados para a pesca dentro do seu primeiro ano de vida. O presente estudo enfatiza a importância dos fatores ambientais/climáticos tais como escoamento dos rios na produção pesqueiras e daí a necessidade de sua inclusão nas estratégias de gestão das pescarias.

Palavras-chave: Escoamento do rio, fatores climáticos, produção pesqueira, gestão sustentável das pescarias

 

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