Revista Recursos Hídricos
Volume 33, Número 1, Maio 2012

DOI: 10.5894/rh33n1-3
O texto deste artigo foi submetido para revisão e possível publicação em Fevereiro de 2012, tendo sido aceite pela Comissão de Editores Científicos Associados em Março de 2012. Este artigo é parte integrante da Revista Recursos Hídricos, Vol. 33, Nº 1, 29-46, Maio de 2012.

Resposta hidrológica e erosão do solo a partir de simulações de chuva em eucaliptais ardidos

Hydrological and soil erosion response under rainfall simulation experiences in burnt eucalypt plantations

Maruxa Malvar Cortizo¹, Sergio Prats Alegre², Ann Karine Boulet³, João Pedro Nunes⁴, Jan Jacob Keizer⁵

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1 - Msc- Estudante doutoramento /// Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro /// 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal /// tel.: +351234370200; FAX: +351234370309 /// e-mail: maruxa@ua.pt
2 - Msc - Estudante doutoramento /// Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro /// 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal /// tel.: +351234370200; FAX: +351234370309 /// e-mail: sergio.alegre@ua.pt
3 - Msc - Estudante doutoramento /// Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro /// 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal /// tel.: +351234370200; FAX: +351234370309 /// e-mail: ann.karine@ua.pt
4 - PhD – Estagiário de Pós-Doutoramento /// Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro /// 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal /// tel.: +351234370200; FAX: +351234370309 /// e-mail: jpcn@ua.pt
5 - PhD – Investigador Auxiliar /// Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro /// 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal /// tel.: +351234370200; FAX: +351234370309 /// e-mail: jjkeizer@ua.pt

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RESUMO: Este estudo pretende contribuir para o conhecimento existente sobre escorrência e erosão a pequena escala, em florestas recentemente ardidas, usando para isso experiências de simulação de chuva (RSE’s). Em dois eucaliptais ardidos em Julho de 2005 foram repetidas simulações de chuva, aplicadas aleatoriamente em seis momentos, usando pares de parcelas experimentais, em diferentes locais. Para o conjunto de 46 simulações de chuva, foi aplicada uma intensidade de 45-50 e 80-85 mm/h em 22 e 24 simulações, respectivamente; distribuídas por um eucaliptal lavrado e um não lavrado. Os resultados mostram uma tendência de valores elevados de escorrência, perda de matéria orgânica e de solo para a intensidade extrema, quando aplicadas as diferentes intensidades em parcelas vizinhas. Também, a geração de escorrência e a erosão variam de forma significativa ao longo das várias campanhas de campo, com o decorrer do tempo pós fogo, revelando uma componente sazonal, reflectida nas amplas variações da repelência superficial do solo. Finalmente, a perda de sedimentos são notavelmente mais baixos que outras referências de estudos como na Austrália e no oeste de Espanha.

Palavras-chave: Incêndio, Eucalipto, experiências de simulação de chuva, escorrência, perda de sedimentos.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to improve the existing knowledge of the runoff and inter-rill erosion response of forest stands following wildfire, employing field rainfall simulation experiments (RSE’s). This was done at six and using a paired-plot experimental design that comprised two pairs of RSE’s at each site and occasion. From this grand total of 46 RSE’s 24 and 22 RSE’s involved application rates of 45-50 and 80-85 mm h-1, respectively in ploughed an unploughed stand. The results show a clear tendency for extreme-intensity RSE’s to produce higher runoff amounts and greater soil and organic matter losses than the simultaneous high-intensity RSE’s on the neighbouring plots. Also, overland flow generation and erosion vary significantly along the various field campaigns. This temporal pattern markedly differs from a straightforward decline with time-after-fire and rather suggests a seasonal component, reflecting broad variations in topsoil water repellency. Finally, sediment losses at both study sites are noticeably lower than those reported by the other studies involving repeat RSE’s, i.e. in Australia and western Spain.

Keywords: Wildfire, eucalypt, field rainfall simulation experiments, runoff, sediment losses.

 

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