Revista Recursos Hdricos
Volume 33, Nmero 1, Maio 2012

DOI: 10.5894/rh33n1-3
O texto deste artigo foi submetido para reviso e possvel publicao em Fevereiro de 2012, tendo sido aceite pela Comisso de Editores Cientficos Associados em Maro de 2012. Este artigo parte integrante da Revista Recursos Hdricos, Vol. 33, N 1, 29-46, Maio de 2012.

Resposta hidrolgica e eroso do solo a partir de simulaes de chuva em eucaliptais ardidos

Hydrological and soil erosion response under rainfall simulation experiences in burnt eucalypt plantations

Maruxa Malvar Cortizo¹, Sergio Prats Alegre², Ann Karine Boulet³, Joo Pedro Nunes⁴, Jan Jacob Keizer⁵

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1 - Msc- Estudante doutoramento /// Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro /// 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal /// tel.: +351234370200; FAX: +351234370309 /// e-mail: maruxa@ua.pt
2 - Msc - Estudante doutoramento /// Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro /// 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal /// tel.: +351234370200; FAX: +351234370309 /// e-mail: sergio.alegre@ua.pt
3 - Msc - Estudante doutoramento /// Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro /// 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal /// tel.: +351234370200; FAX: +351234370309 /// e-mail: ann.karine@ua.pt
4 - PhD – Estagirio de Ps-Doutoramento /// Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro /// 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal /// tel.: +351234370200; FAX: +351234370309 /// e-mail: jpcn@ua.pt
5 - PhD – Investigador Auxiliar /// Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Departamento de Ambiente e Ordenamento, Universidade de Aveiro /// 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal /// tel.: +351234370200; FAX: +351234370309 /// e-mail: jjkeizer@ua.pt

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RESUMO: Este estudo pretende contribuir para o conhecimento existente sobre escorrncia e eroso a pequena escala, em florestas recentemente ardidas, usando para isso experincias de simulao de chuva (RSE’s). Em dois eucaliptais ardidos em Julho de 2005 foram repetidas simulaes de chuva, aplicadas aleatoriamente em seis momentos, usando pares de parcelas experimentais, em diferentes locais. Para o conjunto de 46 simulaes de chuva, foi aplicada uma intensidade de 45-50 e 80-85 mm/h em 22 e 24 simulaes, respectivamente; distribudas por um eucaliptal lavrado e um no lavrado. Os resultados mostram uma tendncia de valores elevados de escorrncia, perda de matria orgnica e de solo para a intensidade extrema, quando aplicadas as diferentes intensidades em parcelas vizinhas. Tambm, a gerao de escorrncia e a eroso variam de forma significativa ao longo das vrias campanhas de campo, com o decorrer do tempo ps fogo, revelando uma componente sazonal, reflectida nas amplas variaes da repelncia superficial do solo. Finalmente, a perda de sedimentos so notavelmente mais baixos que outras referncias de estudos como na Austrlia e no oeste de Espanha.

Palavras-chave: Incndio, Eucalipto, experincias de simulao de chuva, escorrncia, perda de sedimentos.

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to improve the existing knowledge of the runoff and inter-rill erosion response of forest stands following wildfire, employing field rainfall simulation experiments (RSE’s). This was done at six and using a paired-plot experimental design that comprised two pairs of RSE’s at each site and occasion. From this grand total of 46 RSE’s 24 and 22 RSE’s involved application rates of 45-50 and 80-85 mm h-1, respectively in ploughed an unploughed stand. The results show a clear tendency for extreme-intensity RSE’s to produce higher runoff amounts and greater soil and organic matter losses than the simultaneous high-intensity RSE’s on the neighbouring plots. Also, overland flow generation and erosion vary significantly along the various field campaigns. This temporal pattern markedly differs from a straightforward decline with time-after-fire and rather suggests a seasonal component, reflecting broad variations in topsoil water repellency. Finally, sediment losses at both study sites are noticeably lower than those reported by the other studies involving repeat RSE’s, i.e. in Australia and western Spain.

Keywords: Wildfire, eucalypt, field rainfall simulation experiments, runoff, sediment losses.

 

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