Revista Recursos Hídricos
DOI:10.5894/rh35n2-8
Este artigo foi apresentado no 12º
Congresso da Água
e selecionado para submissão e possível
publicação na Recursos Hídricos, tendo sido aceite pela Comissão de
Editores Científicos Associados em 30 de abril de 2014. Este artigo é
parte integrante da Revista Recursos Hídricos , Vol. 35, Nº 2, 89-97,
novembro de 2014.
Métodos de avaliação de secas para apoio à gestão de recursos hídricos
Drought assessment methods for support of water resources management
Eduardo VIVAS1
1 - Professor Adjunto Convidado,
Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino
de Almeida, 431, 4200-072 Porto, Telefone: +351 22 83 40 500, Fax: +351
22 83 21 159, email: ebv@isep.ipp.pt
RESUMO
A ocorrência de impactos de seca muito significativos, em regiões como
o sul da Europa, deve-se não só às características naturais do clima,
mas também à intensificação da utilização da água (potenciando
problemas de escassez).
Porém, a análise dos impactos de seca é dificultada pela variabilidade
dos mesmos, no espaço e no tempo, uma vez que cada região apresenta
características únicas de utilizações, infraestruturas, organização
social e política, etc. Como tal, a gestão de secas deverá ser
enquadrada no âmbito da análise e gestão de risco, devidamente moldada
às vulnerabilidades da região.
Nesse contexto, apresenta-se uma análise comparativa de alguns dos
principais métodos de avaliação de secas disponíveis para apoio à
gestão de recursos hídricos, nomeadamente: (i) a utilização de um
índice de seca único, (ii) a consideração simultânea de múltiplos
índices de seca e (iii) o recurso à avaliação socioeconómica de
potenciais impactos de seca.
Palavras-chave: avaliação e gestão de secas, índices
de seca, índices múltiplos, avaliação socioeconómica de impactos.
ABSTRACT
The occurrence of very significant drought effects in regions as
Southern Europe is a consequence of the natural climate
characteristics, but also of the intensification of water uses
(potentiating water scarcity problems).
However, the assessment of drought impacts is aggravated by the
temporal and spatial variability of those effects, since each region
has unique characteristics of water uses, infrastructures, social and
political organization, etc. Therefore, the drought management should
be framed under the risk assessment and management approach, taking
into account the existing regional vulnerabilities.
Thus, it is herein presented a comparative analysis of some of the main
drought assessment methods available for support of water resources
management, namely: (i) the assessment through a single drought index,
(ii) the use of multiple drought indices and (iii) the use of the
socioeconomic assessment of potential drought effects.
Keywords: drought assessment and
management, drought indices, multiple indices, socioeconomic assessment
of drought impacts.
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